Low birthweight and insulin resistance.

Small numbers in this Dutch study, but it's an interesting look at how poor growth in utero may be a risk factor for diabetes and heart disease in adult life.

The researchers examined insulin resistance in 28 pre-pubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA) who were still short for their age. Despite being lean, these children had significnatly reduced sensitivity to insulin.
Other researchers have shown that healthy children with reduced insulin sensitivity tend to have an inreased fat mass over time.

Again, small numbers mean that these current results are statistically underpowered, but it points to more prenatal and childhood influences on adult diseases.

Promoting a healthy active lifestyle and avoiding weight gain have even more relevance where individuals start at a health disadvantage.